Values and need satisfaction across 20 world regions

Poster Session F - Motivation/Goals: abstract F78Intrinsic valuing predicts the satisfaction of psychological needs (Niemiec, Ryan, & Deci, 2009). We conceptually replicate and extend this finding across 20 world regions. In multi-level models, Schwartz’s (1992) self-transcendence value was positively related to autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction, even when controlling for the Big Five.postprin

Understanding the Economic and Political Effects of Trump\u27s China Tariffs

Although President Trump has persistently claimed that China is paying billions of dollars in tariffs imposed on Chinese imports to the United States, empirical evidence indicates that U.S. consumers are bearing the cost of the tariffs: $51 billion in increased prices and a net loss of$7.2 billion to the U.S. economy. The unilateral power-based approach to trade used by the Trump Administration has also resulted in unexpected economic and political costs in key Midwestern states that helped propel Trump to the U.S. presidency in 2016. These costs have led to reverses for the Trump Administration in the mid-term elections of 2018 and could ensue in further electoral losses. As both political parties currently hold little affection for China, the United States could continue to use tariffs against China and other countries as trade policy no matter which party controls the U.S. presidency. For these reasons, a study of how to most effectively use a power-based approach to trade is both useful and timely. This study indicates that a power-based approach can be used most effectively against countries that lack either the economic power or the political will to engage the United States in a prolonged trade standoff. While most nations appear to fall into one or both of these categories, China is not one of them. China has the economic power to fight a trade war, and China believes it must stand up to the United States. When used against China, the power-based approach carries greater risks because its economic and political effects are difficult to predict and because this approach is inherently more uncertain than the cooperative approach of the World Trade Organization that the United States has rejected. Using a power-based approach against China could backfire because China has the economic power and political will to endure a prolonged battle and play a dangerous game of mutual pain and destruction with the United States

Influence of Perfluorocarbons on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Biomass Development, Substrate Consumption and Enzyme Production

Limitations placed on aerobic cultures by dissolved oxygen can be alleviated by using oxygen-vectors such as perfluorinated organic oils. In this study, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was tested in batch cultures to evaluate the efficacy of perfluorinated oils in improving biomass development, nutrient consumption and extracellular enzyme production. The oils used in an emulsified form in this study were perfluorotripropylamine, perfluorooctyl bromide and bis-(perfluorobutyl) ethene, as they dissolve higher quantities of oxygen compared to others. The surfactant used to stabilise the emulsion was Pluronic F 68, which was used at a concentration of 8.5 % (w/v). The addition of only the surfactant to the medium resulted in a 6.9-fold increase (1.38 mg mL–1) in biomass concentration of P. chrysosporium, while a biomass concentration of 0.82 to 1.53 mg mL–1 (4.1 to 7.6-fold increase) was observed in the PFC emulsions with an oil-phase fraction in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 (w/v), i.e. 10 to 30 % (w/v). The highest enzyme activity from crude samples was 307 and 410 U L–1 for LiP and MnP, respectively, compared to <100 and <50 U L–1 enzyme activity for LiP and MnP obtained in control cultures, respectively. Ammonium and glucose utilisation was higher in emulsions with PFC concentrations of 10 % (w/v) for all the perfluorocarbons evaluated than at concentrations of 20 % and 30 % (w/v). It was concluded that the use of the perfluorocarbon emulsions improved the performance of P. chrysosporium BKMF 1767 in terms of biomass development, nutrient consumption and enzyme production. Furthermore, PF 68 was found to have growth-promoting abilities for P. chrysosporium

Becoming Happier Takes Both a Will and a Proper Way: An Experimental Longitudinal Intervention to Boost Well-Being

An 8-month-long experimental study examined the immediate and longer term effects of regularly practicing two assigned positive activities (expressing optimism and gratitude) on well-being. More important, this intervention allowed us to explore the impact of two metafactors that are likely to influence the success of any positive activity: whether one self-selects into the study knowing that it is about increasing happiness and whether one invests effort into the activity over time. Our results indicate that initial self-selection makes a difference, but only in the two positive activity conditions, not the control, and that continued effort also makes a difference, but, again, only in the treatment conditions. We conclude that happiness interventions are more than just placebos, but that they are most successful when participants know about, endorse, and commit to the intervention

Redox Chemistry and Molybdenum Burial in a Mesoproterozoic Lake

While marine sediments have been used to constrain a history of redox chemistry throughout the Precambrian, far fewer data have been generated from lakes. With major biological innovations thought to have occurred in Proterozoic lakes, understanding their chemistry is critical for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic life. We use sediment geochemistry to characterize the redox conditions of the Nonesuch Formation (~1.1 Ga) and a modern analogue for the Proterozoic: the Middle Island Sinkhole in Lake Huron (USA). Iron speciation, Mo contents, and Mo‐U covariation demonstrate oxic and anoxic—not euxinic—environments, with no clear indicators of enhanced biological productivity in the Nonesuch Formation. Moderate Mo enrichments observed in the Nonesuch Formation are not attributed to euxinia, but instead to an authigenic particulate shuttle. We suggest that the Fe and Mo sediment geochemistry of these lacustrine systems reflect only local water column and sediment burial conditions and not atmospheric oxygenation.Plain Language SummaryLakes are proposed to have been critical environments for the evolution of life during the Proterozoic (~2.5 to 0.5 billion years ago). However, relatively little is known about the chemistry of ancient lakes, including the availability of oxygen for biological productivity, and how local oxygen availability can be extrapolated to understand global oxygen availability. In addition, with no lakes remaining from the Proterozoic, the only way to study ancient lakes is to use the chemistry of the sediments left behind. This study uses the sediment chemistry of elements that are sensitive to oxygen to understand oxygen availability in a Proterozoic lake environment. These data were then compared to modern lake environments with known chemistry and oxygen levels in order to interpret the results better. We found that oxygen availability in the Proterozoic lake was variable, with no clear indicators of abundant biological productivity. We conclude that ancient lake sediments only constrain the chemistry of the local environment, with no major implications for global or even regional atmospheric oxygenation.Key PointsFe, Mo, and U sediment geochemistry of the Nonesuch Formation (~1.1 Ga; USA) indicate fluctuating oxic and anoxic redox chemistryMo and U covariation in the Nonesuch Formation and modern analogue sediments confirm euxinia is not necessary for moderate Mo burialComparison of Nonesuch Formation and modern analogue indicates that Proterozoic lakes are unlikely to constrain atmospheric oxygenPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150528/1/grl59087_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150528/2/grl59087.pd

An Investigation of Coach Behaviors, Goal Motives, and Implementation Intentions as Predictors of Well-Being in Sport

The present study aimed to expand upon Smith, Ntoumanis, and Duda’s (2007) research by investigating the influence of coach behaviors and implementation intentions on goal striving in sport. Structural equation modeling analysis with a sample of 108 athletes revealed coach behaviors as predictors of goal motives, which in turn predicted psychological well-being after 8 weeks. Supplementary regression analyses showed no interaction between autonomous goal motives and implementation intentions; however, a synergistic effect was identified for controlled goal motives such that controlled motives furnished with implementation intentions resulted in lower well-being than controlled motives alone. In further analyses, the motives underlying an implementation intention were found to mediate the paths from goal motives to well-being. The findings are discussed in terms of the roles played by goal motives, implementation intentions, and implementation intention motives during goal striving